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Hotspots Optimum Stores. Get online for free at your neighborhood hotspots. Learn more. Find the closest optimum stores. Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The flat topography and shallow stream depth associated with the wetland created challenging conditions for stream weir implementation, and required several departures from optimum weir design parameters.
This paper details the process by which the weirs were calibrated through the use of on-site measurement data. Each weir includes a simple-to-read flow scale to provide visual validation. To find out more or get a quote, call or email hello siris. What is a V notch weir? Alternatively, the excavation may communicate with one but not the other of the two opposing banks of the downstream waterway. According to a suitable aspect, there is provided a method of precisely increasing the head of a hydroelectric dam by installing an excavation in the bed of a downstream waterway, said excavation approximate the distal end of the tailrace pool area of the dam.
The height of the increased head is manipulable by selection of a suitable depth for the excavation determined by skilled person in this art, based on site-specific topography and geophsycial attributes. According to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a controllably adjustable weir device as described herein interposed a downstream excavation as described herein approximate the toe region of a hydroelectric dam. According to a further exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method for controlling the water level of discharged spent water adjacent the tailraces of a hydroelectric dam by increasing the controlled engagement of the adjustable weir device of the present invention with the spent water discharged downstream from the dam's tailraces as the flow rates of water into the upstream impounded water reservoir decline, and by decreasing the controlled engagement of the adjustable weir device when the upstream flow rates of water into the impounded water reservoir increase.
The present invention will be described in conjunction with reference to the following drawings, in which:. The downstream waterway typically comprises a tailrace pool 21 a adjacent the dam 30 provided with at its distal end, a fixed-in-placed impediment 21 b in the form of a berm comprising excavated fill materials 21 c , that has the purpose of retaining spent water 25 released from the tailrace 38 t at a downstream surface level that keeps the outlets of tailrace 38 submerged.
The bases of conventional dam designs typically are provided with a mid-point keyway 32 and a toe region 31 underneath the turbines for stability.
The dam structure 30 is also typically provided with a support 44 for a stand pipe 40 configured with at least one intake aperture 42 for receiving water from the reservoir 10 and transferring said water to a penstock 46 wherein it is conveyed to a turbine 34 configured to drive an electricity-producing generator Spent water is discharged from the turbine 34 into a tailrace 38 which discharges the spent water from the dam 30 into the downstream waterway defined by the riverbanks The weight of the water within the stand pipe 40 provides the pressure to drive the turbine Increasing the effective net head, i.
Increasing the net head in most conventional installations can only be accomplished by increasing the height of the dam structure 30 thereby raising the level of the impounded water However, this approach is usually not practical or physically possible.
The construction of the fixed-in-place impediment 21 b with excavated materials 21 c to form the tailrace pool 21 a increases the surface level 25 of the spent water retained in the tailrace pool 21 a to keep the outlets of the tailrace 38 submerged. In this situation, the decrease in the net head causes a directly proportional decrease in power production by the generator 36 driven by turbine The consequence during periods of low water flow rates through the turbine 34 as a consequence of turbine idling during periods of low power production demand or alternatively, during extended periods of drought, is that the downstream water level 25 retained in the tailrace pool 21 a may drop significantly thereby exposing the outlet of the tailrace and facilitating the occurrence of cavitation.
Certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide combinations of downstream excavations and adjustable weir devices suitably placed within the excavations downstream from, but proximate, the tailrace pool areas of hydroelectric dam installations. As shown in FIGS. The excavation 22 b extends downstream for a suitable distance before conjoining the natural river bottom.
If so desired due to the topography of the downstream riverbed, additional excavations, exemplified by excavation 22 c in FIG. The adjustable weir devices are configured for controllably engaging and communicating with the spent water discharged from the dam's tailrace s. During periods of high rates of water flow through the dam installation, e.
As the rates of impounded water flow through the turbines decrease during seasonal changes, the adjustable weirs are manipulable to controllably provide resistance to the flow of spent water 25 out of the tailrace pool areas 22 a , so that desired height levels of spent water 25 are maintained adjacent the tailraces 38 of the dam as the rates of water flow through the penstocks 46 , turbines 34 and out of the tailraces 38 decline, thereby enabling means for controlling and preventing cavitation in the turbines The adjustable devices according to the present invention may comprise controllably inflatable and deflatable bladder devices.
Each inflatable bladder 50 is attached by tethers 56 to a pair of supports 52 that are securely mounted into the excavation 22 b installed into the river bottom adjacent the tailrace pool 22 a. During periods of high water flow rates into the impounded water reservoir 10 , the bladders 50 are selectively and controllably deflated as shown in FIG.
During extended dry periods as the rates of water flow continually decline, one or more bladders 50 are selectively and controllably inflated as shown in FIGS. However, those skilled in these arts will understand that during conditions when impounded water 10 levels decline as exemplified in FIG. Each bladder infrastructure 60 is separately and independently inflatable and deflatable. During periods of high water flow rates into the impounded water reservoir 10 , the bladder infrastructures 60 are deflated as shown in FIG.
During extended dry periods as the rates of water flow continually decline, one or more bladder infrastructures 60 are inflated as shown in FIGS. Those skilled in these arts will understand that during conditions when impounded water 10 levels decline as exemplified in FIG. Those skilled in these arts will understand that the exemplary bladders 50 and bladder infrastructures 60 can be controllably inflated and deflated by cooperation and communication with a compressed air supply.
Those skilled in these arts will also understand that the compressed air equipment not shown can be installed in suitable housing structures on the shores of the waterway approximate the adjustable weir devices. Alternatively, the compressed air may be supplied from a dam utilities support facility by a piping infrastructure. The concrete wall and framework 70 are buttressed and stabilized by a plurality of spaced-apart integrally conjoined braces A controlling device not shown is communicably interconnected with the each of the gates 72 to sealingly engage and disengage the gates 72 with the concrete walls and framework.
During periods of high water flow rates into the impounded water reservoir 10 , the gates 72 are adjusted into a fully open position as shown in FIGS. As the rates of water flow progressively decline during turbine idling or during extended periods of drought conditions, one or more of the gates 72 are partially closed as shown in FIG.
Those skilled in these arts will understand that during conditions when impounded water 10 levels decline as exemplified in FIGS. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention comprising controllably adjustable weirs are also amenable for installation in an unexcavated riverbed downstream of a tailrace pool 21 a provided with an installed berm 21 c comprising excavated materials, as shown in FIGS. Alternatively, the adjustable weir device 90 can be positioned separated and free-standing from the river shores, for example as shown in FIG.
It is suitable that the control devices and mechanisms for the weir are located in controls housing structures on the shore s of the waterway, or alternatively, on the dam infrastructure. It is also suitable that routing of the mechanisms for controllably engaging and disengaging the gates of coffer-type adjustable weir devices of the present invention are positioned above the highest levels reached by the spent water 25 and are accessible by service staff above the water levels.
Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a series of controllably adjustable weirs placed sequentially downstream from a hydroelectric dam installation as shown in FIGS. During seasonal periods when impounded water levels 10 are very high, the bladders 50 would be completely deflated as shown in FIG. As the level of impounded water 10 begins to decline as shown in FIG.
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